The Muslims of the Indian subcontinent demanded and eventually created a country for themselves. India was divided into two countries. Muslim majority areas became Pakistan and the Hindus became India. Pakistan consisted of two provinces East Pakistan and West Pakistan which is more than a thousand miles apart. After the partition millions of Muslims of India moved either to West Pakistan, known as Mohajirs or to East Pakistan, known as Biharis. Although there were many languages in India, the majority spoke Urdu. Pakistan was poor in every way imaginable, resources, trained personnel and infrastructure. Most of the machinery of government was located in what was now India. Pakistan was economically underdeveloped with almost no industry. At that time the founders of Pakistan considered it necessary to direct the new people to go to areas of the country where their services could be best utilized. A large number of Biharis proceeded to East Pakistan and those employed with the central government in Delhi moved to Karachi. At that time Karachi the capital and Urdu was the official national language. It was the language of sub-continent. But a large amount of population in East Pakistan were very unhappy with this decision and they made it known. The Government of Pakistan and West Pakistani politicians were unable to solve this issue which resulted in a civil war. The Biharis, the Urdu speaking minority of East Pakistan, not only stood for a united Pakistan, they also identified with language and culture of West Pakistan. During March-April 1971 the non-Bengali population mainly Urdu speaking were viciously attacked during which nearly 64,000 were killed and many more injured. Eventually the federal government called in the armed forces to restore law and order. Toward the end of 1971 because of civil war East Pakistan had declared itself the independent state of “Bangladesh” in March 1971. On December 15, 1971, 95,000 Pakistani armed forces and other personnel surrendered in Dhaka, and were taken to India. The minority, which cooperated with the Pakistani government, were now considered traitors and were under assault by the Bengali majority for their language and political views. There are 70 camps in various parts of Bangladesh with a population of more than 250-300,000 people. In the new Bangladesh thousands of Biharis were killed on the streets, raped and looted. Their homes and businesses were ruined. They were fired from their jobs and Bihari students were expelled from schools. After break-up of Pakistan Mr. Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto became the President of the country and had the responsibility for negotiating release of prisoners. By this time 535,000 Pakistanis had registered with the International Committee of the Red Cross in Bangladesh and had indicated their preference to move to West Pakistan. However the Pakistani Administration introduced conditions upon who or how many, shall be accepted for repatriation to Pakistan. In the end Pakistan accepted the return of only 173,000 Pakistanis. The rest of Pakistanis left in Bangladesh became the first group of stateless, because Bangladesh did not accept them as citizens either.There are around one hundred thousand Pakistanis who returned without the blessing of the Government of Pakistan, now living in Pakistan who are not recognized as citizens and are denied of citizenship. This is the second group of stateless.